Stove or apparatus for heating air.



No. 746,682. PATENTED DEC. 15, 190s.

s. 0. DAVIDSON.

STOVE OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR. APPLICATION FILED APR. 11. 1903.

m MODEL. 10 SHBET$SHEBT 1.

IHI' mum T FETEES c0 PHOTGLITHO'. wAsumC-Tou. 9. C

-PATENTBDDEG.1 5, 1903.

S. G. DAVIDSON. STOVE 0R APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR.

APPLIUATION FILED APEJLI. 1903.

10 SHBETS-SEEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

lY/f/ViSSESn PATENTED DEC. 15', 1903.

S. C. DAVID$ON. STOVE 0R APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 11, 1903.

l0 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Nb MODEL:

WITNESSES;

PATENTED B50 15; 1903.

S. G. DAVIDSON.

STOVE OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR.

APPLIGATION FILED APR. 11, 1903.

10 SHEETSSHBET 4.

N0 MODEL.

m n. 4 .w T M Him/855.9

. woroumb" WASKINUIDN. n. c.

PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903'.

. I APPLICATION FILED APR. 11, 1903.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

N0 MODEL.

V PM fl w. w/ .H .7 W

W/rnmsszs:

No. 746,682. 7 PATENTBD DEC. 15, 1903.

S. G. DAVIDSON. STOVE 0R APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR. I

APPLICATION FILED APR. 11. 1903.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

NO MODEL.

mum/5555 I j/YVf/VfO/Q:

.No 746,682. YPATENTED'DEG. 15, 1993.

s.- c. DAVIDSON. srrovx: 0R APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 11. 1903.

N0 MODEL. 10 SHEETS-SHEET 7'.-

W/ /YESSES:

No. 746,682. PATENTEDDEQlfi, 190's.

s. c. DAVIDSON.

STOVE 0R APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR.-

APPLICATION rum) APR. 11. 1903. v

10 SHEETS-SHEET a.

NO MODEL.

WITH/55155 I lNkE/VFOR:

/ y csa--q .g...n amu mc uowms meets co. mmoamo" wAsnmn-mu, a a

No. 746,682. V PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903. s. 0. DAVIDSON.

" STOVE 0R APPARATUSFOR HEATING AIR.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 11 1903.

N0 MODEL. l0 SHEETS-SHEET l0.

- m zawm I escaped into the chimney, the outer surfaces ber situated atthe back of the furnacethrough Patented December 15, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL CLELAND DAVIDSON, OF BELFAST, IRELAND.

STOVE OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR.

SPEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 746,682, dated December15, 1903.

Application filed April ll, I903 To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that L-SAMUEL QLEhA'ND DA- VIDSON, merchant, of SiroccoEngineering Works, Belfast, Ireland, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Stoves and Apparatus for Heating Air, of whichthe following is a specification.

My invention has reference to stoves or apparatus for heating air, andrelates in part to air-heating stoves of the type described in thespecification of my previous United States Patent No. 553,576, datedJanuary 28, 1896, (hereinafter'referred to as my previousspecification.)

The objects of my invention are to soim prove the constructivearrangement and dcsign of said air-heating stoves or apparatus as toobtain therewith a higher ratio of economy in regard to the quantity offuel consumed therein relatively to the amount of heat imparted to theair passing through same and also to so provide for the free expansionand contraction of the principal com-1 ponent parts of the stove so asto enhanceits durability. I i

In said previous specification the form of apparatus described and shownconsisted of a central furnace constructed as a gill-stove the productsof combustion from-which passed into and were conducted from asmoke-chama seriesof horizontally-arranged tubes or pipes on each sideof the furnace to a front smokechamber, from whence they returnedthrough a similar series of horizontal tubes at a lower level to theback of the furnace and thence of each of said series of horizontaltubes being utilized as air-heating surfaces.

According to my present invention the heatedproducts' of combustion arecaused to circulate around the exterior of the air-heating tubes, whichare vertical or inclined and open-ended-and inclosed in a suitablechamher, the walls of which also form air-heating surfaces fitted withgills or not, and, further, the said tube-chambers are so constructedthat the joints of the tubes with the surfaces in which they are carriedin the chamber or of one portion of the chamber with the other wherelikely to be effected by expansion are Serial No. 152,145. (No model.)

made by what may be termed a resting contact or joint-thatis to say, theweight of one part on the other, together with sufficient surfaces incontact, serves to make a joint efficient for the purpose to preventleakage of smoke and at the same time allows the necessary expansion ofthe parts. In the case of the tubes the upper ends only take theirweight by a suitable flange, While their lower ends make a slidingjoint. The upper joint may in some cases be reinforced with red lead orsuitable cement. The vertical sides of said tube-chamber may beconstructed of flat metal plates or as brick walls, and the horizontaltop and bottom sides are formed of metal plates, (hereinafter called theupper and lower tube-plates, respectively,) in

which suitable orifices in corresponding pos-itions in said top andbottom tube-plates are provided for insertion of the vertical tubes.

In the accompanying drawings,which show how the invention is carriedinto effect, Figure 1 is afront elevation, partly in vertical section,showing one form of my improved airheating apparatus, having a centralfurnace with a tube-box on each side thereof, the vertical sides of saidtube-box being of castiron with gills or ribs on their outer surfacesand the inclosing casing around the complete stove being constructed ofsheet metal. Fig.

2 is a plan of Fig. l, partly in horizontal section; and Figs. 3 and 4are respectively vertical sections on lines AB and O D of Fig. 2. Figs.5, 6, and 7 show a modification of my improved air-heating apparatus.Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the tube-box and air-' chamber online E F of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a plan of the apparatus. section of theheater on the line G H of Fig. 6. The same reference-numbers indicatecorresponding parts in all-these figures. Figs.

Fig. 7 is a vertical areasectional side elevation and front view of aconstruction similar to that shown in Figs. 11 and 12.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in this construction of my improvedair-heating stoves I still employ the central furnace arranged asdescribed in my previous specificationthat is to say, as agill-stove-and carry the products of combustion through one or moresmoke-chambers at the back of said furnace; but instead of employing thearrangement of horizontal tubes with the products of combustion passingthrough their interior and having the air heated by contact with theirexterior surfaces, as described in my said previous specification, (andwhich exterior surfaces dissipated a considerable portion of their heatby radiation without doing any effective duty toward heating the air,) Inow employ a series or battery of approximately vertical or inclinedtubes (hereinafter referred to and shown as vertical tubes) passing fromtop to bottom of a box or chamber (hereinafter called the tube-boxsituated on each side of said gill-stove furnace. In these drawings 1 isthe central furnace, at back of which a chamber 2 is provided forpassage of the products of combustion from the furnace to the backsmoke-chamber 3 and thence to the tube-boxes 4 4, from which saidproducts of combustion, after passing around the outer surfaces of thetubes 5 5 and around the baffie-plate 6, escape through the chamber 7,Figs. 3 and 4:, to the smoke-box 8at the base of the chimney 9. l0 10are the top tubeplates, in which the top ends of the vertical tubes 5are supported, and 11 11 are the bottom tube-plates, through which thelower ends of the tubes project. Said tube-plates in this modificationare shown as being each an integral casting having orifices for thevertical tubes, as hereinbefore described. The joints 12 of thetube-plates with the upper edges of the vertical sides 13 of the tubeboxon which they are supported are so arranged as to permit of free lateralmovement of the tube-plates by expansion and contraction under theinfluence of the great variations in temperature to which they arenecessarily subject. The bottom ends of the tubes are open andcommunicate with an air-space 14, through which the air to be heatedenters and after ascending through the tubes reaches and escapes fromtheir top ends into the collectingchamber 15, from which it passes intothe air-d not 16, which in these drawings is shown at the side of thecollecting-chamber; but the particular form of this air-duct and itsposition relative to the collecting-chamber may be modified to suitcircumstances, and the heated air may either be allowed. to escape bynatural flow from said air-duct or the latter may be connected to a fan,so that the passage of the air through the heater may be accelerated bymechanical means. The tube-boxes are fitted at each end withcleaning-doors 17 for removing any accumulation of sooty deposit whichmay gather in them, and in order to provide for the very unequalexpansion which takes place in the furnace relatively to the tubeboxesthe latter are entirely disconnected from the furnace 1, except wherethey are attached to the chamber 2 at back of the furnace, so that clearair-spaces 18 are thus left between the sides of the tube-box and theexterior of the furnace sides, which spaces are open at top and bottomfor passage of air, which so effectively carries off the heat in thesides of the furnace and tube-box as to prevent these reaching an undulyhigh temperature. On the opposite side of the tubeboxes similar spaces19 are provided between them and the sides of the casing opposite same,so that practically all the outer exposed surfaces of the tube-boxesconstitute airheating surfaces in addition to those provided by thetubes themselves.

Referring now toFigs. 5, 6, and 7, in the form here shown the verticalsides of said tube-box and the inclosing casing of the heater are as awhole constructed of brickwork and the tube-plates are shown constructedof a series of tube-plate sections laterally connected up to oneanother. 20 is a fan of the propeller type for driving the air to beheated into the air-spaces of the heater and up through the tubes intothe collecting-cham her and thence downward again to an exit 21 at theground-level, from whence it may be conveyed by a duct to a drying-kilnor otherwise dealt with in accordance with requirements. In Fig. 5 avalve 22 is shown over the top of the tube-box for admitting air intothe collecting-chamber 15, the opening or closing of which valve bymeans of the chain 23 admits a portion of the cold-air supply from thefan direct into the collectingchamber, where it mixes with and reducesto any required extent (according to the amount that the valve isopened) the temperature of the heated air arising from the tubes, andthus afiords a means of controlling same if it gets too high for thepurposes required.

Referring to Figs. 8 and 9, in this form the ends of the tube-plates aresupported in channel-irons 23 of H section built into the brickworkforming the vertical side walls of the tube-chamber to permit freedom ofmovement under the influence of expansion or contraction, ashereinbefore more particularly described. In these views the ends 24 ofthe tube-plate sections project into the hollow of and are supported ina resting contact or joint with the channel-iron frames 23, and on theirunder side at both ends close to said channel-iron frames are studs 25,which limit to a sufficient extent any to-and-fro movement due toexpansion and contraction of the tube-plate sections in the channel-ironframes to prevent the sections shifting endwise in either direction sofar as to work their opposite ends off the supporting-flange of thechannel-iron frames.

Wrasse By the above construction no brickwork rests upon or directlytouches the tube-plate, and the latter can therefore expand freely orcontract within said channellike cavities without communicating anythrust or effecting damage of any sort.

Fig. 10 shows more clearly how the sides of the sections rest upon andform a smoketight joint with the supporting-flange of the channel-ironframes. The side of the terminal section contiguous to said channel-ironframe has a detachable angle-iron flange 26 bolted upon it, so that thehorizontal flange of the angle-iron projects over and rests with asliding contact upon the supporting-flange of the channel-iron frame,and studs 25, as already described in respect of the ends of eachtubesection, limit the distance of the sliding movement in onedirection, while those on the terminal section at opposite side of thetubechamber limit its movement in the other divertical tubes rest in thegrooves or sockets 28 of the tube-plates or tube-plate sections, and thejoints between same are preferably luted with cement or red lead, theweight of the tube itself keeping the meeting faces of the flanges onthe tubes and said grooves in sufficiently close contact to form aneffective joint to prevent leakage of smoke. The joint would not besmoke-tight without the cement or equivalent luting, and the socket intowhich the flange of the tube fits holds the cement in place, so as toincrease its durability and make it, in fact, substantially permanent.These figures also show the nature of the sliding joint which the plainbottom ends of the tubes make at 29 with the orifices through which theypass in the bottom tubeplate sections. 30 3O areflangeson the side ofthe tube-plate sections by means of which two adjacent sections arebolted to one another, and 31 represents cross ribs, which serve tostrengthen said tube-plate sections.

It will be obvious that the above general arrangement whereby thetube-box is built up of tube-plate sections in each of which one or morerows of vertical tubes may be employed is specially suitable for theconstruction of air-heating apparatus of different and very large sizes,as any required number of sections may be built together side by sideand the whole inclosed in a suitable brick or sheet-metal chamber toform any required size of air-heating apparatus.

In the form shown in Figs. 11, 12, and 13 gas-jets are employed in thefurnace or fireplace, with the tube-box located at back of same, theheater as a whole being inclosed in a suitable casing of sheet metal andthe exit from the collecting-chamber 15 for the heated air being formedof a perforated grid or plate 33 on top of same, which allows the air toascend freely into the atmosphere of a room or compartment in which theheater is located. The spaces 19 between the sides of the tubebox andthe sides of said casing form passages for air, which absorb the heatfrom the sides of the tube-box by convection, so that the sides of thecasing always remain cool. In Figs. 11 and 12 a corrugated sheet ofpolished copper 34 is shown at the back of the gas-jets I 35 fo thepurpose of enhancing the appearance of the stove when lighted.

In the form shown in Figs. 14 and 15 an open grate 36 for coal or otherfuel is shown in lieu of the gas-jets in the modification shown in Figs.11, 12, and 13, the general arrangement of the apparatus beingsimilar-in other respects.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is I 1. In amultitubular stove or apparatus for heating air, the combination of afurnace inclosed by walls having external air-heating gills, atube-chamber through which the prod I nets of combustion from saidfurnace pass, an air-space below said tube-chamber, an aircollectingchamber above said tube-chamber, upper and lower tube-plates forming theroof and floor of said tube-chamber and making smoke-tight joints withthe side walls by resting contact therewith so that the surfaces incontact slide freely under expansion and contraction, open-ended tubesforming air-passages between the lower air-space and the upperair-chamber and having flanges at their upper ends which rest upon andmake a joint with the top surface of the upper tubeplate, the lower end'of the tube passing through and making a sliding joint with the tubespassing through the chamber and tubeplates and having flanges at theirupper end which make a resting contact with the top surface of the uppertube-plate and so support the tubes which slide through holes in thelower tube-plates under expansion and contraction, substantially as setforth.

3. In a multitubular stove or apparatus for heating air the combinationof a chamber through which the products of combustion pass, tube-platescomprising the roof and floor of said chamber and formed in sections ofU-shaped bars each carrying a row of tubes, said bars resting at theirends on the walls of the chamber and being jointed laterally throughtheir flanges, the end sections resting along their edges on thechamberwalls, tubes passing. through the chamber and tube-plates andhaving flanges at their upper end which make a resting contact with thesurfaces of the tu be-plate sections and so suspend the tubes therefrom,the lower ends of the tubes passing loosely through the U- shapedsections forming the floor, substantially as set forth.

4. In a multitubular stove or apparatus for heating air, the combinationwith the walls of a chamber through which the products of combustionpass of upper tube-plates jointed by resting contact only with saidwalls so as to expand freely, a lower tube-plate jointed by restingcontact only with the chamber-walls, tube-holes in the upper and lowertube-plates, tubes fitting loosely in said holes in the upper and lowertube-plates, a flange on the upper end of said tubes by which they aresupported by resting contact with the top surface of the uppertube-plate, substantially as set forth.

5. In a multitubular stove or apparatus for heating air the tube-plateswhich form the top and bottom surfaces of the tube-chamber and are madeup of sections in the form of bars having side flanges and orifices inthe body thereof the tubes passing through the orifices while the sideflanges serve as means for joining the sections to one another, the saidtube-plates making a joint with the walls of the chamber by a restingcontact therewith which permits of the expansion and contraction,substantially as set forth.

6. In a multitubular stove or apparatus for heating air, the combinationwith tube-plates which form the top and bottom surfaces of thetube-chamber and are made up of sections in the form of bars having sideflanges for joining the sections together and orifices in the body ofthe bars for the tubes to pass through, of channels formed in the sidewalls of the tube-chamber for receiving the ends of and carrying byresting contact the tubeplate sections, angle-irons attached to theterminal tube-plate sections on each side, channels in the side walls ofthe tube-chamber for receiving and carrying by resting contact the saidangle-irons, all substantially-as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a multitubular stove or apparatus for heating air, the'combinationwith tube-plates which form the top and bottom surfaces of thetube-chamber and are made up of sections in the form of bars having sideflanges for joining the sections together and orifices in the body ofthe bars for the tubes to pass through, of channels formed in the sidewalls of the tube-chamber for receiving the ends of and carrying byresting contact the tubeplate sections, angle-irons attached. to theterminal tube-plate sections on each side, channel-irons of H-sectionfitted in the side walls of the tube-chamber and forming channels forreceiving and carrying by resting contact the said angle-irons, allsubstantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. In a multitubular stove or apparatus for heating air, the combinationwith a heatingfurnace of a tube-chamber havingair-tubes passingtherethrough from the floor to the roof, of means whereby the tubes aresuspended from the roof of the chamber and the roof and floor of thechamber are connected to the side walls by resting contact only but insuch manner as to form smoke-tight joints, the products of combustionfrom said furnace being admitted to said tube-chamber and passing aroundthe exterior surfaces of said tubes on their way to the chimney, anair-space being provided below said chamber from which the air to beheated flows through the interior of said tube and is heated by contactwith the inner walls thereof before ascending into a collecting chamberor duct above said tube-chamber, substantially as and for the purposeset forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

SAMUEL OLELAND DAVIDSON.

Witnesses:

GEORGE G. WARD, HUGH T. COULTER.

